Electronics

Electronics:

It’s the branch of applied physics which discusses those principles and ways by means of which we control the flow of the electrons using diodes, transistors and other semi conductor devices in order to meet our various requirements.

Analogue and Digital Electronics:

Those quantities which, increase or decrease continuously with time or remains constant are known as analogue quantities. The branch of electronics which processes such quantities is knows as analogue electronics.
That branch of electronics which processes the data being provided in the form of digits 0,1 is known as digital electronics.

Conductor:

The materials which allow passage of current and heat through them are called conductors.

Semi-conductor:

These are the substances, the ability of which to conduct current at room temperature lies midway between conductors and insulators.

Insulator:

The materials which do not allow the passage of current and heat through them are called insulators

Doping:

Doping is a process of adding pentavalent and trivalent atoms as impurity into semi conductors.

P and N Type Semi-conductors:

When pentavalent impurity is added to a pure semiconductor crystal, it is known as n-type semi conductor. Where as, due to the addition of trivalent impurity, it becomes p-type material.

Semi-conductor Diod:

When the p and n regions of a p-n junction are connected to metallic wire and enclosed in a glass or metallic case in such a way that only the wires connected to n and p regions project outside the case, then such an encapsulated p-n junction is known as diode.

Forward and Reverse Biased Diod:

When p side of diode is connected to positive terminal of battery and n type with negative terminal, then in this state diode is forward biased. In this state diode acts like a conductor.
When p side of a diode is connected to negative terminal of batter and n type with positive terminal, then diode is reverse biased. In this state diode acts like an insulator.

Rectification:

The process of converting alternating current into direct current is called rectification.

Transistor:

In electronics, a transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used to amplify or switch electronic signals. A transistor is made of a solid piece of a semiconductor material, with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current flowing through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be much larger than the controlling (input) power, the transistor provides amplification of a signal.

Logic gates:

Logic gates process signals either true or false. A logic gate performs a logical operation on one or more logic inputs and produces a single logic output. The logic normally performed is Boolean logic and is most commonly found in digital circuits.Most common forms of logic gates are NOT Gate,AND Gate,NOR Gate

AND Gate:

A simple AND gate consists of two input and one output. Its output is maximum when both the input are maximum. It symbol and truth table is show in the image.